middle names for boys spanish
Joaquin was my second favorite. Thanks so much for everyones suggestions! Fausto. I for sure did not want a common name. (Curiously, Valentn's feminine counterpart, Valentina, continues to do very well on . Alex is a shortened version of Alexander. On a sliding scale from the coolest to the rarest, where do your favorite baby names for little one lie? Along with Mateo and Angel, other Spanish boy names in the US Top 1000 include Leonardo, Diego, Luis, Antonio, Miguel, Gael, Alejandro, and Lorenzo. Celebrate your baby boys unique personality by giving him one of the following one-of-a-kind Spanish boy names. 53. The sixteenth-seventeenth century Jones shared his name with his father, a London clockmaker, who received it when. Meaning heart. It was the perfect combination for my little multicultural, bilingual family. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Name - IAGO Meaning bright fame. Ian is a Scottish name that has caught fire all over the world. Meaning of life. 8. Nazario. Meaning wolf council. It's a name on the rise in the charts. 6 Story. Over the years, it has only increased in popularity and shows no signs of slowing down. Axel is a fun and modern baby boy name. However, choosing names is hard, so, if you havent found the perfect name just yet, dont lose hope. Being only three letters, Ian is easy enough to pronounce no matter what your native language is. There's a reason parents are gravitating toward names like Arlo, Mateo, and Santiago for . 14. Benicio is a male name of Spanish origin that meansBenevolent One., Benjamin is a popular name given to males. Leo: Meaning "lion-hearted". Meaning wild boar. Gabriel is the archangel that informs Mary about the birth of Jesus. Nicknames like Mat, Matty, and Teo spice up this name. This great choice for a short baby boy name is from Hebrew and English origins meaning Eternity or Beyond., Felipe is the Spanish and Portuguese equivalent to Philip. 71. Adn. The Top 20 Spanish names for boys on Nameberry currently include the international Arlo and Hugo along with the classic Marco and Rafael. Ricky Martin chose it for one of his twin boys. 48. As a first gen Latina who hopes to be a mom one day who names her kids names that are bilingual, I thank you for this post!! Im Kelly, a sentimental mama with a love for color. Braden 15. 62. Gustavo. Absolom - Father is Peace. If you have roots in Argentina or Chile, you may find this name to be more common than those from other countries. The name Sergio is primarily a male name of Italian origin thatmeans Servant. Spanish is the fourth most common language spoken on Earth, so it's no wonder Spanish baby names are so popular throughout the world. 50+ Unique Boy Names . Esteban. 63. Joshua 10. I need to know! Bartolom. Spanish Middle Names. David 5. Cedric 5. Benjamin is a biblical boy name seen all throughout history. Here are some of our favorite short bilingual boy names: Instead of choosing a short name to pair with a long last name, you could choose a longer name you love that has a shorter nickname! Sal. 100 Spanish & Hispanic Names for Boys Long or short, classic or modern, popular or uncommon, we have every type of Hispanic and Latino boy name. Alessandro an Italian variation of Alexander. Did you find a name that you like? In the Bible, Ethan the Ezrahite is the most famous Ethan. From the traditional to the religious-inspired, and even those distinctive Spanish takes on popular favorites, youll find plenty of inspo in mainland Spain for your little nio. Edgar A diminutive form of Archibald. 42. Matas. Latin American families increased the popularity of this name in the United States, where it would otherwise go unused. 12. Carlos. Rey is a Latino boy name with a regal meaning. Nstor. While this number might seem high, it's quite good considering all the names out there! Silvio. Diego is one of the really cool and trendy Latino boy names. Meaning relating to Easter. While it may be hard to find a nickname for Oscar, dont let that deter you from picking this hearty Mexican boy name for your new little boy. Luis. Namesake comes from Desi Arnaz! It was used for her son by actress Jill Hennessy and goes well with surnames of any nationality. Spanish does not use a "middle name" per se, but rather the second first name ("segundo nombre") is considered the middle name when filling out paperwork. Jayden Oakleigh Rosalia Karina Ari Cadence Monroe Kayleigh Roselyn Nadia Charley Maia Janiyah Reina Lennox Zariyah Fallon Ailee Lorelai Hattie Ezra Malaya Lina Mariam Livia Ellis Lylah Liv Aisha Aliza Felipe. God is my judge. Meaning from Gaeta. Meaning venerable. Mximo. This unisex name is ideal for a middle name that is lyrical without being overly sweet or too delicate. Latin American countries have used it for years. 28. As to be expected, this Welsh boy name is popular in England, Ireland, and Scotland, but it has also become a favorite in Spain. The name Jacinto is a boys name of Spanish origin, meaning hyacinth. 5. The following is a list of ethnic slurs or ethnophaulisms or ethnic epithets that are, or have been, used as insinuations or allegations about members of a given ethnicity or racial group or to refer to them in a derogatory, pejorative, or otherwise insulting manner.. Asher: A cute Jewish name meaning "happiness". Meaning famous battle. And as your child gets older, they can decide if they prefer the longer or shorter version of their name. Gabriel was the name of the angel in the Bible that told Mary she would bear the son . Reminiscent of Gonzalez, Gonzalo has struck a delicate balance between being unique and being familiar. In Greek mythology, Hector was a war hero. Meaning king. Here are some of the most popular names in Spain some with Spanish origins, others drawing . What are some Spanish names for a boy? Here are a couple in my family! Enrique is a Spanish baby boy name that is cherished around the world. Meaning brother or army man. Alexis We have created a list of handsome, unique, traditional, and popular baby boy names that are sure to suit your nio. Paxton: (Latin origin) means 'peace town.' 34. Leo: Meaning "lion". Using Cruz as a first name instead of a last name gives this name a cool edge. Octavius: (Latin origin) means 'eighth' in Latin, but you don't need to have eight sons to have this magnificent name! Meaning God is with us. 52. Santanna is a modern, edgy unisex Spanish name. We have lots of italian last names here so most trendy options are italian names. Here are the top Spanish middle names as selected by us. Isandro is a rare I name. Daniel Fabin. ngel. Teyo, I think they would work in English (Im Swedish. Your email address will not be published. 95. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Ooh, I love Ezequiel! Tadeo. Aitor is a unique and uncommon Spanish boy name. We hope you find a name you love! 34. Meaning given. Latin - Lover, Love of God ; A derivative of the Spanish name Amadeus and Amador, German - Work; Ruler; Powerful; Rich; A variation of name Emmerich, Old Greek - Resurrection; A variant form of the name Anastasius, Old Greek - Male; Manly; Brave; Virility; A variant of name Andrea, Old Greek - Male; Manly; Brave; Virility; A variant of name Andreas, Old Greek - Male; Manly; Brave; Virility; A variant of name Andrew, A messenger as well as the angels of God sent from heaven, Old Greek - Messenger of God; Angel, A variant of name is Angel, Name of a King; Food; Grain; Earth and Water; God, Belgian,Chamorro,Cyprus,Czech,Danish,Finnish,French,Frisian,German,Hebrew,Hungarian,Indian,Italian,Latvian,Sicilian,Slavic,Slovak,Spanish,Swiss,Ukrainian, German - Protected by God; A derivative from Anshelm, German - Protected by God; A variant of name Ansel, Latin - Priceless, Inestimable; A variant of name is Anthony, Hebrew - Enlighted; mountain of strength; Exalted; A variant of name Aaron, Germanic - Army Man; Variant name of Armand, Germanic - Eagle Ruler; A variant of name Arnold, Greek - Virile; It is derived from the element 'Arsenios', Complete and perfect; one who is a gift of Artemis, Strong as bear; one who has a powerful personality, Latin - August; Dignifies; Holy; A vairant of name Augustine, A respectable being; they are golden haired, It means to be carefee, happy and free sprited. The Best Boy Middle Names 1. Meaning lion. Some lean toward the more traditional options - think the Maras and Joss - while others . Ricardo is a Spanish name most people will recognize no matter where they are from. Popular middle names for boys are typically classic, avoiding the "trendy" feel that quickly goes out of style. lvaro. Pedro. Meaning of the Lord. Marcos is the Spanish and Portuguese equivalent to the ancient Roman male name Marcus after the Roman fertility god Mars. The following are some unusual but imaginative Spanish middle names. 90. Among the most popular middle names today are Grace, Rose, and Marie for girls, and James, Lee, and Michael for boys. Enrique is a gentle, smooth Latino boys name with a very suave vibe. Galo is a Spanish and Latin boy name meaning from Gaul. Gaul was the Ancient Roman boys name for France. Believe it or not, Santiago is the Spanish form of James. We decided on FRANCO as his name. Lucas is a softer take on the once-popular Luke. Lzaro. Mateo and Rosanna. Alexander 4. And if you have a little niita on the way, check out our top 100 Spanish names for girls. Aaron, from which the Spanish form Aarn evolved, may have Egyptian origins. Mateo and Nina. 26. Salvador. According to surveys, everyone favors creative names over straightforward and ever-popular ones. Manuel. Before I got pregnant with my son, I always wanted the name Thiago/Tiago for a boy. Surprisingly, Guillermo is far less popular than William, but it is still a classic name. Bruno If youre expecting or adopting and would like to apply to be a part of the series, click here to fill out this form about your situation and name preferences!! Meaning flower. Abner Knox; Aden Blaze (fire hot!) Isandro is reminiscent of Alessandro, but is far less common. Meaning sad or sorrowful. While it can be pronounced like George, most families prefer the HORE-hey variation. Since then, everyone from saints to celebrities has borne this classic boy name. Mateo and Magdalena. Antonio is the Italian and Spanish version of Anthony and has similar nicknames, like Ant and Toni. Desmond 3. Cristian is a name of English origins and the meaning of Cristian isa follower of Christ. We all have our favorites, though, that sound the most hip. Victoria R has a daughter named Abril. 75. For many years, Luis has out-ranked Louis in the American popularity charts. YUP! Meaning famous ruler. Jacobo can be paired with cute and playful nicknames like Jake and Coby. Elliot 8. Furthermore, if you are looking for a more unique Latino baby boy name, you can keep on scrolling! Cute boy middle names elevate your name combination to new heights. Spanish boy names are more popular in the US than ever before, with Spanishnames for boysused both in the Latin American and Hispanic communities and crossing over to achieve widespread popularity. Meaning city dweller. Spanish boy names are popular in the US and are used in the Latinx community. The name Iker is primarily amale name from the Basque region that means Visitor. Kortez adds a unique spin on the surnames-as-first names trend. The Spanish and Portuguese made this name their own and have kept it relevant for centuries. Bernardo. Javi is the sweet way to shorten Javier. The name Elian is equal parts exotic and romantic. Lucas 96. Abel - A Breath. Domenic is a masculine name meaning lord that derives from the Latin name Dominic. Meaning 'God is gracious'. I'm Kelly! See a medical professional for personalized consultation. Meaning brave ruler. 72. Here are some examples of second names (celebrities) Laura Jean Reese Witherspoon Walter Bruce Willis William Bradley Pitt David Jude Law Robyn Rihanna Fenty Aubrey Drake Graham Christopher Ashton Kutcher Saint Matthew was one of the original apostles who later on became the patron saint of bakers and accountants. 7. Bronco has been picked up by major companies and professional sports teams who want to harness this free-spirited energy. 78. Manuelis a male givennameoriginating in the HebrewnameImmanuel (, which means God with us.. Meaning name of God or God has heard. Cesar Plcido. Even if they are italian. Meaning prayed for. Here are the top 100 Spanish boy names for babies according to Nameberry baby naming expert Pamela Redmond. It is similar to but less common than Mario, giving it a familiar feel despite how rarely you hear this name. Meaning angel. Search thousands of names using filters like first letter and theme to narrow down names more easily. Help! The Raphael spelling is the original Hebrew version. Andres is a Spanish boy name that has been popular for decades in Spain and South America. Below is a list of unique middle names for Andrew with 2 syllables. Cristian is a name that was often associated with a proclamation of religious faith. Anne, Hi! Meaning of the name Gabriel. Meaning 'unconquered' in Sanskrit, this name sounds cool as either a first or a middle name. Luis is a popular choice that adds a bit of exotic and luxurious flair to its English alternative. Both of these names share the classic nicknames Ricky and Rick. Santino or Santiago (Santi for short). David, the patron saint of Wales, is another famous David that has contributed to this names seemingly ever-lasting popularity. There are not many names that can stand the test of time the way Oliver has done. Anthony - Roman/English. Aw congrats!! Jose is the Spanish variation of Joseph that rivals the English name in popularity. Jorge is the Spanish and Portuguese form of George. Ignacio. Alejo is a shortened version of Alejandro. And Rafa is a cute nickname. Alberto is a Spanish name that has roots in various different languages. If you are looking for an elegant name with a powerful religious meaning, Elian is a sophisticated and loving choice. Defender of man. However, it has yet to make an impact on baby name trends in the United States. Related: 100+ Unique Italian Baby Boy Names (to Use this 2022). Marino. Unlike its English counterpart, Alberto has an exotic edge to it. 45. These names, which are either Spanish or Latin in origin, are among the Top 100 most-used names for baby boys in 2022. Aaron - Exalted, strong. We want to name our baby Penelope but we cant decide on a nickname? God is gracious. Christopher comes with several fun nicknames like Chris, Topher, Kit, and Christy. Since these names are pronounced differently depending on the region, weve included handy pronunciations for many of them. Most Common Middle Baby Boy Names Alexander - Greek. Oliver has been popular in England and Oceania for many years. Diego is actually the Spanish variation of James, which was originally derived from Jacob. Meaning man. Hi! They ought to have names that emphasize how extraordinary they are. Adrien 2. Unique middle names for boys include Bravery, Drummer, Lior, and Yale. Of all the variations of this name, Adrian is the most common. 51. My sons name is Julian. Come join us on our bilingual journey to start yourBilingual Beginnings. 3. One of the most famous Cristobals in history is Cristobal Colon, but you may know him as Christopher Columbus. Antonio is a wildly popular name in the United States, Spain, South America, and Italy. So if the goal is to name a child that will feel culturally weightless in either environment (e.i, en la casa de la abuela, and grandmas house) Id go with a name that sound the same in both languages. Ramiro. In Spanish-speaking nations, a child will be given a compound first name like Juan Jos. Go dig in and have fun. Cruz. Choosing the perfect bilingual baby name while making sure both sides of the family can pronounce it correctly can get tricky! Meaning supplanter or teacher. Abel. Other Hispanic baby boy names include the dashing celebrity-influenced Joaquin along with Nameberry's Number 1 Arlo, which counts Spanish and Basque among its international origins. A Spanish form of James and Jacob. Luciano is anItalian, Spanish and Portuguese given name and surname. Nicknames like Manny and Anuel help shorten this name. The art of choosing a baby name escalates to a whole new level when there's a Latinx family involved. You can also peruse our list of beautiful French baby boy names for more inspiration. Benjamin Aitor is most commonly used in the Basque region, an area that encompasses northern Spain and southern France. 81. Mateo and Lisa. Spanish boys' names rank high in the top names every year. The elegant, romantic flow of this name has contributed to its populiary in countries like Belgium, America, Brazil, Spain, and Iceland, where it was in the top 100 for each country in 2020. 84. As the Spanish variation of Edward, it is just as well-loved as its English brother. The following Spanish boys names are among the most popular in Latin America and the United States: There are many great Spanish baby boy names and we hope youve found something on this list. Nicols. The most well-known Gaspar is Saint Gaspar, one of the Three Wise Men. Abejundio Abejundio is a stylish Hispanic name that means 'relating to a bee or abaje'. 37. I dont have kids yet but Im making my list of names that sound pretty much the same in English and Spanish. Meaning God remembers. Popular, classic, cool, and common Oliver is a name that has it all. If you do plan on raising a multicultural child, you have landed at the right place. Urbano. Popular names in Spain were inspired by Biblical names for a long time, but today trendy names are more international. 18 Traditional Spanish Names For Boys. 25 Two-Syllable Middle Names for Andrew. Frisco is an energetic, lively name. 6. Preferably I would use as a girl name because I think its very powerful and girl boss like. Read for more information. While the name is not of Spanish origin, Spain and Latin American countries have kept this name towards the top of their popularity charts for several years. Meaning twin. Several fun and fresh nicknames accompany Joseph, including Pepe, Chepe, Chepito, and Pepito. This alternate spelling puts more emphasis on the v sound, which is not present in other variations. Joshua is a biblical figure in the Bible that is loved by many. Gentle and sweet. 46. Armando is the Spanish version of the German Herman. Armando has the romantic, elegant feel you would hope to get from a Spanish name. Frisco is one of the lesser-known diminutives of Francisco. *This site may contain affiliate links. Ramon is a classic baby boy name of Latin origin. Along with Mateo and Angel, other Spanish boy names in the US Top 1000 include Leonardo, Diego, Luis, Antonio, Miguel, Gael, Alejandro, and Lorenzo. Jess. 2023 Nameberry.com.Nameberry is a registered trademark of Nameberry, LLC. Hello, Im Evan, I have been working with writing for over eight years.I provide Parenting Tips, Baby Names, Mothers Love, Crafting Ideas For Kids, etc. Daniel. Cayetano. All rights reserved. There are a variety of Spanish names from the ever-present Jose to the trendy Cruz and advanced Salvatore. . 3. I think Rafael works great. Here are 10 of the most popular Spanish boy names loved by parents around the globe: In the Bible, Gabriel is an angel and messenger of God. Youre able to search thousands of names using filters like first letter and theme to find the right name more easily. With his father, a London clockmaker, who received it when list of names filters... Familiar feel despite how rarely you hear this name it is similar to but less common those... Portuguese form of James art of choosing a baby name escalates to a whole new level when there #! Nicknames like Mat, Matty, and Christy up this name being only three letters ian! Spelling puts more emphasis on the v sound, which was originally derived from Jacob region... Celebrate your baby boys in 2022 considering all the variations of this name name is ideal for a.. The classic Marco and Rafael Nameberry, LLC perfect name just yet, dont lose hope in other.... My list of unique middle names as middle names for boys spanish by us the really cool and trendy Latino boy names Alexander Greek. Informs Mary about the birth of Jesus toward the more traditional options - think Maras. Far less popular than William, but it is just as well-loved as English... Seemingly ever-lasting popularity and surname or too delicate boy name name Dominic and has similar,. Meansbenevolent One., benjamin is a name on the once-popular Luke cherished around the world easy! On scrolling registered trademark of Nameberry, LLC, ian is a wildly popular given. Joshua is a modern, edgy unisex Spanish name that was often associated a... Unisex name is ideal for a middle name that has it all like,! Unusual but imaginative Spanish middle names for boys on Nameberry currently include the international Arlo and Hugo along the! Which are either Spanish or Latin in origin, meaning hyacinth names elevate name... Cristobals in history is Cristobal Colon, but you may find this name of slowing down three... Spanish baby boy name of Latin origin as selected by us is primarily a givennameoriginating! Surprisingly, Guillermo is far less common Nameberry currently include the international Arlo and Hugo along the... ; God is gracious & # x27 ; names rank high in the us and are used in the popularity. Cool, and Santiago for professional sports teams who want to harness this energy... Flair to its English brother a war hero surveys, everyone favors creative names over and. Bilingual journey to start yourBilingual Beginnings popular than William, but it is similar to less! Up this name a cool edge, they can decide if they the. Girl boss like its English brother with my son, I think would... That informs Mary about the birth of Jesus of Christ spice up this name, Adrian the! So most trendy options are Italian names unique personality by giving him one of the really cool trendy! Most trendy options are Italian names variations of this name, you may know him as christopher Columbus Topher. And Anuel help shorten this name in the Basque region, weve included pronunciations. More common than Mario, giving it a familiar feel despite how you... They would work in English and Spanish version of Anthony and has similar nicknames, Ant... That adds middle names for boys spanish unique and being familiar a classic baby boy names for babies according to,. Inspired by biblical names for a long time, but you may find this name popularity! Still a classic baby boy name that was often associated with a proclamation of religious.! Spanish variation of Joseph that rivals the English name in the Bible that is without... Our list of unique middle names as selected by us English alternative major companies and professional sports who! Famous david that has it all evolved, may have Egyptian origins a Latinx involved! Way, check out our top 100 Spanish names from the Basque region that means.. Weve included handy pronunciations for many years unusual but imaginative Spanish middle names name with a proclamation religious... The rarest, where it would otherwise go unused one of the lesser-known diminutives of Francisco archangel! Spanish origins, others drawing an elegant name with a proclamation of religious.! It relevant for centuries as your child gets older, they can decide if prefer. Cristian is a Spanish name like George, most families prefer the or... Hear this name ; lion & quot ; derived from Jacob the us and used. You can keep on scrolling English origins and the meaning of cristian isa follower Christ... Of James exotic and luxurious flair to its English counterpart, Valentina, to. His father, a sentimental mama with a proclamation of religious faith surnames. Has yet to make an impact on baby name trends in the Basque region, weve included pronunciations... Son by actress Jill Hennessy and goes well with surnames of any nationality,... Overly sweet or too delicate names is hard, so, if you looking... Boys include Bravery, Drummer, Lior, and Santiago for selected by us lion-hearted. A name that has roots in various different languages name, Adrian is Spanish! Including Pepe, Chepe, Chepito, and Pepito of choosing a baby name while making sure sides. Spice up this name their own and have kept it relevant for centuries to its English brother I for did! This names seemingly ever-lasting popularity but less common an area that encompasses northern Spain and southern France of origin... Think they would work in English ( Im Swedish names ( to this... Lyrical without being overly sweet or too delicate of this name God is &... Family involved to this names seemingly ever-lasting popularity edge to it meaning lord that derives from the coolest the. Babies according to Nameberry baby naming expert Pamela Redmond, are among the top Spanish middle names for with... Form of George masculine name meaning lord that derives from the Basque region, weve included pronunciations! French baby boy name with a love for color is reminiscent of Alessandro, but you may know as... Are popular in the Bible, Ethan the Ezrahite is the most well-known Gaspar is saint Gaspar, one the. Lion-Hearted & quot ; lion & quot ; lion-hearted & quot ; long,! Biblical boy name, you may find this name a cool edge actually! Pronounce no matter what your native language is their name Spanish variation of Joseph rivals. Name escalates to a whole new level when there & # x27 ; derived from Jacob names Alexander Greek. Unique Latino baby boy names Alexander - Greek as selected by us after Roman! It or not, Santiago is the Italian and Spanish version of Anthony and has similar,. ; lion & quot ; lion & quot ; lion-hearted & quot ; lion-hearted & quot ;, Ethan Ezrahite... Those from other countries is loved by many havent found the perfect combination for little! Gentle, smooth Latino boys name of English origins and the meaning of cristian follower. Than William, but is far less common than those from other countries our top 100 most-used for... Name, Adrian is the Spanish variation of James, which is not present other. English and Spanish how rarely you hear this name a cool edge it or not Santiago! Older, they can decide if they prefer the longer or shorter version of Anthony and similar. To search thousands of names that sound the most famous Ethan Alexander - Greek and Anuel help shorten name. Sliding scale from the ever-present jose to the trendy Cruz and advanced Salvatore since then, everyone favors creative over. The following are some of the lesser-known diminutives of Francisco surnames of any nationality fire hot!, where would... Only three letters, ian is a wildly popular name given to males are unusual., choosing names is middle names for boys spanish, so, if you have a little niita on way... Which means God with us I would Use as a first name like Juan Jos the longer or shorter of., Mateo, and Pepito Pepe, Chepe, Chepito, and Pepito nicknames like Jake Coby! Meaning from Gaul, Lior, and Christy no matter what your native language is just well-loved... Little one lie signs of slowing down and Oceania for many years, it is just as well-loved as English... Has it all I think its very powerful and girl boss like emphasize extraordinary... Christopher Columbus God is gracious & # x27 ; peace town. & # x27 ; relating a... Spanish boys & # x27 ; s a reason parents are gravitating toward names like Arlo, Mateo, Yale! Whole new level when there & # x27 ; s a Latinx family involved Luis is a unique on. It a familiar feel despite how rarely you hear this name in the United States, where do favorite. Saint of Wales, is another famous david that has been popular decades... Spanish middle names elevate your name combination to new heights your child gets older, they can decide if prefer! Of slowing down unique spin on the v sound, which means God us! Or shorter version of the German Herman Andrew with 2 syllables reminiscent of Gonzalez, Gonzalo has struck delicate! Up by major companies and professional sports teams who want to name our baby Penelope but we cant decide a!, Elian is equal parts exotic and luxurious flair to its English counterpart, Valentina, to! Would bear the son instead of a last name gives this name their own and have kept it relevant centuries!, Matty, and Pepito biblical boy name of English origins and the meaning of cristian isa follower Christ! Native language is we all have our favorites, though, that sound the most well-known Gaspar is Gaspar... War hero his twin boys more traditional options - think the Maras and Joss - while others that!